Faiman-Silva (1988) notes that prospective purchasers could bid on as many tracts and as much acreage as they wanted, although the 1902 agreement (sec. 19) actually forbade Choctaw themselves from holding more than 320 acres. Contradictions in the evolving land policy enable outside parties to amass great wealth in timberland, against the express will of both the tribe and the state and federal governments. By 1913 more than 1.7 million acres of unallotted land have been sold in the Choctaw/Chickasaw Nations in successive rounds of bidding (Faiman-Silva, 1988).